Athletic performance components such as endurance, strength, power, muscle fiber size, muscle fiber composition, flexibility, and neuromuscular coordination are known to be directly influenced by genetics. Studies have shown that genetic factors contribute both to the formation and improvement of athletic performance, which can also be enhanced through regular training.

Scientific research has identified specific DNA sequence variations that can be used to determine genetic advantages for achieving optimal athletic performance. These genetic variations may be associated with endurance, strength, metabolism, cardiovascular capacity, susceptibility to sports-related injuries, and individual nutritional requirements.

While in Turkey, testing often focuses on variations in the ACE and ACTN3 genes, our center analyzes variations in 36 genes under the “Sports and Fitness Panel,” providing genetic counseling. This allows determination of a person’s athletic potential and the sports disciplines they are genetically predisposed to excel in. By applying sports genetic testing to athletes or individuals beginning physical training, it is possible to identify the types of exercise most suitable for them, preventing unnecessary strain. Genetic testing can provide valuable insights regarding injuries, sudden athlete deaths, and guide both physicians and sports professionals.

Through sports genetics analysis, the following can be determined:

• Genetic predisposition of muscle cells for strength and endurance sports

• Strengths and advantages in specific exercise types based on genetic profile

• Ability to absorb oxygen through the lungs and deliver it to the appropriate muscles

• Oxidative stress levels, antioxidant needs, and types of antioxidants required

• Coenzyme Q10 activation

• Risk of injury and inflammation response

• Recovery and rest phases

• Caloric balance for maximum performance

• Strategic planning for an athletic career

• Use of performance-enhancing nutrients in individualized programs to maximize athletic performance

Genes and Their Effects on Athletes:

• IL-6: This gene is needed for muscle repair and hypertrophy (growth) after excessive exercise or muscle breakdown. It supports endurance by aiding muscle recovery during training or activity.

• ACTN3: Necessary for athletes requiring high-speed muscle contractions and high power output during intensive training. Detecting deficiencies early can help prevent injuries through proper supplementation.

• AGTM 235 T: Part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), this gene regulates blood pressure, fluid, and salt balance in the body, which is critical for maintaining performance during exercise. Deficiency can cause irregular blood pressure and impair training outcomes; preventive measures can be applied.

• NOS3: Regulates pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery to skeletal muscles and heart function, affecting performance. Deficiency reduces tolerance to intensive training and decreases mitochondrial ATP production, leading to faster fatigue.

• ADRB2: Influences fat metabolism and storage, affecting muscle development, body composition, and strength, which are critical for athletes.

• GNB3: Impacts maximum oxygen consumption, a key factor for endurance, as increased heart rate during intensive exercise requires optimal oxygen delivery.